Trans*

(obsolete: transsexual, transvestite)

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Differences: trans*, inter*, and non-binary*

Trans* is a umbrella term for people whose gender identity does not (or does not completely) correspond to the gender assigned to them at birth.

Trans* women are therefore women who were assigned male at birth. Trans* men are men who were assigned female at birth.

The asterisk at the end of the adjective “trans*” is intended to leave room for different gender identities. Non-binary, genderqueer, and agender people are also included.

The opposite of trans* is cis. Cis means that people identify with the gender assigned to them at birth.

Important: Gender identity does not determine romantic or sexual orientation. For example, a trans* man can be heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, aromantic, asexual, etc.

The correct form of address

The term “transsexual” is outdated. In the past, “transsexuality” was defined as a mental disorder. The term “transgender” is better, as it refers to social gender and focuses less on the medical aspect. Alternatively, the term “Transident” can be used in German and “identifies as trans” in English, which emphasize the aspect of personal identity.

It is important to address trans* people with their preferred pronouns. You can find out more about this in the section “pronouns”. They can vary from person to person. If you are unsure, it is best to simply ask which pronouns are preferred or start the conversation by stating your own pronouns.
 

"Hello, I'm Judith, my pronouns are she/her. And you?”

It is also important to avoid so-called “deadnaming.” This means to avoid referring to trans* people who have changed the name that corresponded to their biological gender by their old (“dead”) name.

Example: A child was assigned female at birth and named “Mia.” This child decided to live as a trans* man. Since then, he has wanted to be called “Tom.” Continuing to use the name Mia could be hurtful and discriminatory to Tom.

Transition

Some trans* people decide to make their gender identity visible to the outside world. This process is called transition. Transitions are very individual: they may or may not involve social, medical, and/or legal steps.

Social Transition

Social transition means changing one's name or pronouns, clothing, appearance, or social environment to reflect this identity.

Medical Transition

Medical transition can include hormone treatments or gender-affirming surgery. The individuals themselves decide whether and which measures to take. There is no “right” or “complete” way.

After gender-affirming surgery for trans women, the sex organs are called “neovulva” and “neovagina.” After gender-affirming surgery for trans* men, the sexual organs are called “neopenis” and “neotesticles.”

Legal Transition

Legal transition in Germany includes, among other things, changing one's first name and civil status (vital records). This is regulated by the Self-Determination Act (Selbstbestimmungsgesetz SBGG), which has been in effect since 2024. Previously, expert opinions had to be obtained for this purpose. Today, it is sufficient to fill out a declaration and submit it to the authorities.

It is important to note that transitions are not a uniform process, but rather a variety of options that those affected can choose or reject at their own discretion. The decisive factor is the recognition that every person has the right to decide about their own body, name, and identity.
 

Trans* bodies

For trans* or inter* people, hormones have a special significance, for example in the context of hormone therapy     Meyer, G. (2021). Geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie bei Transidentität: Voraussetzungen und Therapiemanagement. springermedizin.at. www.springermedizin.at. Estrogen, testosterone, or other hormones can be used in a targeted manner to influence physical changes. Different changes occur depending on the hormone used for therapy. 

Trans* women take the hormone estrogen, while trans* men take testosterone.

Estrogen


for example:

  • Breast growth

  • Softer skin

  • Body fat redistribution to the hips

  • Decrease in muscle mass

Testosterone


for example:

  • Deeper voice

  • Beard and body hair growth

  • Fat redistribution to the abdomen

  • Muscle growth

  • End of menstruation

     

Click here for information on hormones.

It's not just cis women who menstruate. Trans*, inter*, and non-binary people can also have periods—anyone who has a uterus and ovaries.

 You can find more information on menstrual cycles and periods here.

Contraception for trans* people

Trans* and non-binary people also need contraception, regardless of hormone therapy.  Coleman, E., Radix, A. E., Bouman, W. P., Brown, G. R., de Vries, A. L. C., Deutsch, M. B., Ettner, R., Fraser, L., Goodman, M., Green, J., Hancock, A. B., Johnson, T. W., Karasic, D. H., Knudson, G. A., Leibowitz, S. F., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., Monstrey, S. J., Motmans, J., Nahata, L., … Arcelus, J. (2022). Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8. International Journal of Transgender Health, 23(Suppl 1), S1–S259. doi.org.

  • People with penises can produce sperm despite estrogen therapy. 

  • People with uteruses can continue to ovulate while on testosterone therapy.

This means that non-hormonal methods such as condoms, IUDs, or diaphragms work as usual. Hormonal methods can also be used—which ones are suitable depends on the organs, not on gender identity. Medical advice is particularly important here     Meyer, G. (2021). Geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie bei Transidentität: Voraussetzungen und Therapiemanagement. springermedizin.at. www.springermedizin.at.

For trans* men and non-binary people with a uterus, hormonal contraception can also be helpful in stopping periods or making them more regular. 
 

Important: Hormonal contraception is not a substitute for hormone therapy for trans* women. The estrogen used differs in form and dosage.

STI Prevention

Trans* and non-binary people worldwide have an increased risk of STIs    Robert Koch Institut & Deutsche Aidshilfe. (2023). Forschungsbericht zum Projekt “Sexuelle Gesund­heit und HIV/STI in trans und nicht-binären Communitys.” www.rki.de. How they protect themselves from these infections can depend on a number of factors, such as gender-affirming surgery. People with a neopenis can use condoms or finger cots, depending on what fits better.The right size can be measured with a “Kondometer” (condomometer). People with a neovagina can use Femidoms (female condoms). However, it is especially important to use plenty of lube to prevent injury, as neovaginas are often less lubricated. For oral sex, dental dams can be used. 

Important: In the period following gender-affirming surgery, the genital area can be very sensitive. Some sexual practices can then lead to injury and bleeding. It is worth talking openly with experts and doctors about when sex can be resumed completely.

Here you can find more on the topic of safer sex and STI prevention. 

Health of trans* people

Trans* people report that they avoid visiting doctors for fear of discrimination or have had bad experiences, e.g., through deliberate misgendering, insensitive questions, or exclusion from treatment. This can have serious consequences: from a lack of preventive care to unnecessary psychological stress and increased suicidality due to minority stress

Trans* people also have a higher risk of mental illness. This can be explained, among other things, by experiences of discrimination Pöge, K., Dennert, G., Koppe, U., Güldenring, A., Matthigack, E. B., & Rommel, A. (2020). Die gesundheitliche Lage von lesbischen, schwulen, bisexuellen sowie trans- und intergeschlechtlichen Menschen. doi.org

May, 2026

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