Transmission, Symptoms, Treatment

Transmission routes::

• Contact with mucous membranes

• Vaginal, anal, or oral sex; childbirth

Symptome:

• None

• Burning sensation when urinating; pain during sex; changes in menstruation

• Later: Inflammation in the pelvic area; blockage of fallopian tubes/vas deferens; infertility; increased risk of premature birth

Treatment:

• Spontaneous healing

• Antibiotics

Protection: 

Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of infection

Transmission routes:

• Contact with mucous membranes; spread through contact with bodily fluids

• Vaginal, anal, and oral sex; childbirth; petting

Symptoms:

• None

• People with penises: Discharge (pus), often in the morning; Pain when urinating; inflammation; itching; burning

• People with a vulva: Yellowish discharge (pus), bleeding disorders, abdominal pain

Treatment:

Antibiotics

Protection: 

Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of infection

Other:

Often occurs together with chlamydia or trichomoniasis 

Transmission routes:

• Genital, anal, and oral sex; kissing

• Childbirth
• Petting
• intraveous drug use

• mucous membrane contact; contact with bodily fluids

Symptoms:

Three stages: 

1. Small sore (chancre) in the genital area; swollen lymph nodes  Lymphknoten

2. Fever, headache, and joint pain; rashes on the palms of the hands and abdomen, and lesions on the tongue 

3. Lesions all over the body; damage to organs and the nervous system (leading to deafness, blindness, and mental decline)

Untreated, fatal after about 3 years. 

Treatment:

Antibiotics

Protection: 

Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of infection

Other:

Anonymous reporting to the health department is mandatory

Transmission routes:

• Genital, anal, and oral sex; kissing 

• childbirth 

• Geburt
• Petting
• intravenous drug use
• mucous membrane contact; spread through contact with bodily fluids

Symptoms:

• Painful blisters filled with fluid (highly contagious)

• An outbreak is often preceded by tingling sensations.

Treatment:

• Spontaneous healing of symptoms 

• Medication

• Ointment

Protection: 

Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of infection

Other:

After the initial infection, the virus remains in the body for life

Transmission routes:

Sexual contact of any kind

Symptome:

Depending on the type

• Genital warts in the genital/anal area (which do not necessarily indicate cancer)

• Bleeding between menstrual periods

• Some types can cause cervical, penile, or anal cancer

Treatment:

Removal of genital warts

Protection: 

• Vaccination

• transmission also possible despite use of condoms and dental dams

Other:

60 – 80% of sexually active people are affected by HPV during their lifetime. The virus usually disappears from the body without being noticed

Transmission routes:

Contact with skin flakes

Symptoms:

• None

• Small pointed warts around the mouth and in genital or anal areas

• Later: itchy eczema, skin tumors

Treatment:

• Surgery

• Local acid treatment

• Ointments

Schutz: 

• Vaccination

• transmission also possible despite use of condoms and dental dams

Other:

Caused by certain types of HPV

Transmission routes:

• Contact with mucous membranes

• Semen

• Vaginal and intestinal secretions

• Blood

• Breast milk

• Childbirth

• Vaginal, anal, or oral sex

• Sex toys

Symptoms:

• None

• Sometimes flu-like at first

• AIDS: multiple symptoms due to infections

Treatment:

• Medication

Protection: 

• Condoms during vaginal/anal sex

• PrEP and PEP

Sonstiges:

Not curable, but treatable
Anonymous reporting to the health department is mandatory

More about that here

Transmission routes:

• Physical contact/ cuddling
• Sex

Symptoms:

• Itching

• Small bruises 

• Marks on clothing

Treatment:

Shampoos, creams, lice comb, shaving the affected areas

Washing textiles at a minimum of 60 degrees Celsius or storing them in a plastic bag for 4 week

Transmission routes:

• Close skin contact 

• Clothing 

• Stuffed animals

• Towels 

• Sofas

Symptoms:

• Itchy nodules and pustules

• Severe itching at night

Treatmen:

• Ointment
• Isolation

• Wash textiles at a minimum of 60°C

Sonstiges:

If scabies occurs in group or residential facilities (e.g. preschools, nursing homes), the health department must be notified

Transmission routes:

• Contact with bodily fluids

• Vaginal, anal, or oral sex 

• Childbirth

Symptome:

Almost exclusively in people with a uterus: 

• Unpleasant-smelling, greenish, foamy discharge, 

• Burning sensation when urinating 

• Pain during sex

• Later: Infertility; complications before and during childbirth

Treatment:

Antibiotics

Protection:

Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of infection

Transmission routes:

• Transmission to others unlikely; 

• Excessive or insufficient intimate hygiene (changes to pH value provide breeding ground for yeast) 

• Sex 

• Taking antibiotics

Symptoms:

• Itching

• Skin rash 

• Inflammation 

• Discharge

Treatment:

Creams, ointments, vaginal suppositories or pills

Other:

Candida yeast are present on the skin and mucous membranes of every human being. Only when it multiplies rapidly (e.g., due to a weakened immune system or excessive hygiene) can it be sexually transmitted and cause symptoms.

Transmission routes::

• Skin or mucous membrane contact

• Contact with bodily fluids

• Contact with wound secretions

• Cuddling, petting, oral, anal, and vaginal sex

Symptoms:

• Painful skin changes: rash, nodules, blisters, wounds, pustules, scabs

• Later: scarring after wound healing

Treatment:

Spontaneous healing; (subsequent) vaccination

Protection: 

Vaccination

Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of infection

Transmission routes:

• Contact with bodily fluids, mucous membrane contact

• Vaginal, anal, or oral sex

• Petting
• Sex toys
• childbirth

Symptoms:

• None

Later: Severe abdominal pain

Später: starke Unterleibschmerzen

• Urinary tract infections; 
• Inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries/vas deferens, prostate, epididymis 
• Infertility

Treatment:

Antibiotics

Protection: 

Condoms and dental dams reduce the risk of infection